Fatty liver disease is becoming increasingly widespread across the globe, with India witnessing a sharp rise in cases similar to the Western world. The major concern with fatty liver is its potential progression to advanced liver conditions, including cirrhosis, where the liver hardens and loses its ability to function properly. Cirrhosis can lead to severe complications such as variceal bleeding (vomiting blood), fluid accumulation in the abdomen, jaundice, and liver cancer.
Modern lifestyle changes, poor dietary habits, lack of exercise, obesity, diabetes, high cholesterol, and alcohol consumption are key contributors to fatty liver. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, managing weight, controlling diabetes, and avoiding alcohol are crucial for preventing the condition.
The Link Between Diabetes and Fatty Liver
Studies indicate that over 90% of diabetics develop fatty liver, making regular screenings essential to identify progressive liver disease early and prevent further complications. About 30% of individuals with Steatohepatitis (fat-induced liver injury) may develop cirrhosis without noticeable symptoms.
Advancements in Diagnosis and Treatment
Previously, liver biopsy was the primary method to assess liver fibrosis, but non-invasive techniques such as blood tests, Fibroscan, and MRI-based tests now provide effective ways to stage the disease. These assessments help doctors determine appropriate treatments, as fibrosis can still be reversed in its early stages.
Challenges in Advanced Liver Disease
Once cirrhosis reaches an advanced stage, liver transplantation becomes the only cure. However, the shortage of donors and high costs make it inaccessible for many. Raising awareness about early detection and lifestyle changes is essential to prevent the rising burden of end-stage liver disease in the future.
